0.1 Introduction

1 Demographic Profile

1.0.1 Race and Ethnicity

White and Non-White Population Composition, 1790-2020. Inherent limitations of and inconsistencies across historical census data collections require simplifying long-term population trends into ‘white’ and ‘nonwhite.’

Figure 1.1: White and Non-White Population Composition, 1790-2020. Inherent limitations of and inconsistencies across historical census data collections require simplifying long-term population trends into ‘white’ and ‘nonwhite.’

Population Composition by Race & Ethnicity, 2013-2023. According to US Census data, in 2023 71% of residents identified as White, 11% as Black or African American, 6% as Asian, 7% as Hispanic or Latino, and 4% as Multiracial. Less than 1% identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or an other racial identity.

Figure 1.2: Population Composition by Race & Ethnicity, 2013-2023. According to US Census data, in 2023 71% of residents identified as White, 11% as Black or African American, 6% as Asian, 7% as Hispanic or Latino, and 4% as Multiracial. Less than 1% identified as American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, or an other racial identity.

1.0.2 Language

Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households, 2023. 85% of households speak only English, 13% of households are multilingual including English, and 2% are limited English speaking households.

Figure 1.3: Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households, 2023. 85% of households speak only English, 13% of households are multilingual including English, and 2% are limited English speaking households.

Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households by Language, 2023. Of the approximately 1,475 linguistically isolated households, 825 speak Spanish, 149 Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese), 70 Arabic, 82 Korean, 49 Other Asian and Pacific Island languages, 192 Other Indo-European languages, 53 other and unspecified languages.

Figure 1.4: Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households by Language, 2023. Of the approximately 1,475 linguistically isolated households, 825 speak Spanish, 149 Chinese (incl. Mandarin, Cantonese), 70 Arabic, 82 Korean, 49 Other Asian and Pacific Island languages, 192 Other Indo-European languages, 53 other and unspecified languages.

1.0.3 Disability

Disability Status by Age Group, 2023. Approximately 15,188 people identify as having a disability, with nearly half of those aged 65 and older (7,093 people).

Figure 1.5: Disability Status by Age Group, 2023. Approximately 15,188 people identify as having a disability, with nearly half of those aged 65 and older (7,093 people).

Number of people identifying as having a particular disability, 2023. Census-defined categories and the number of people include hearing difficulties (4,140), vision difficulties (2,196), cognitive difficulties (6,111), ambulatory difficulties (6,867), self-care difficulties (3,013), and independent living difficulties (6,044).

Figure 1.6: Number of people identifying as having a particular disability, 2023. Census-defined categories and the number of people include hearing difficulties (4,140), vision difficulties (2,196), cognitive difficulties (6,111), ambulatory difficulties (6,867), self-care difficulties (3,013), and independent living difficulties (6,044).

2 Human Development Framework

American Human Development Index: Local and State-wide Comparison
American HD Index
Health
Access to Knowledge
Living Standards
Life Expectancy (years) At Least High School Diploma At Least Bachelor’s Degree Graduate Degree School Enrollment Median Earnings (2023 $)
Charlottesville & Albemarle Combined 7.0 81 94% 61% 31% 86% $48,041
Albemarle 7.3 82 94% 61% 31% 85% $51,922
Charlottesville 6.2 79 93% 61% 33% 87% $38,285
Virginia 5.8 78 91% 41% 18% 76% $49,405
United States 5.3 78 89% 35% 14% 76% $44,587
Data Sources: Life Expectancy: County Health Rankings, 2024. Education and Earnings: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2023.

3 A Long and Healthy Life: Health Profile

3.0.1 Life Expectancy

Average Life Expectancy, 2019-2024. Life expectancy in 2024 is 79 years for Charlottesville, 82 years for Albemarle, and 78 years for Virginia.

Figure 3.1: Average Life Expectancy, 2019-2024. Life expectancy in 2024 is 79 years for Charlottesville, 82 years for Albemarle, and 78 years for Virginia.

3.0.2 Primary care and mental health care providers

Primary care and mental health care providers, 2016-2024. In Charlottesville and Albemarle, the rate of primary care providers was 180 providers per 100,000 people in 2024. The rate of mental health providers was 478 providers per 100,000 people in 2024.

Figure 3.2: Primary care and mental health care providers, 2016-2024. In Charlottesville and Albemarle, the rate of primary care providers was 180 providers per 100,000 people in 2024. The rate of mental health providers was 478 providers per 100,000 people in 2024.

3.0.3 Health Insurance

Residents with No Health Insurance, 2017-2023. Overall, approximately 6% of residents did not have health insurance in 2023. This value is higher for Hispanic residents, at 24% in 2023.

Figure 3.3: Residents with No Health Insurance, 2017-2023. Overall, approximately 6% of residents did not have health insurance in 2023. This value is higher for Hispanic residents, at 24% in 2023.

3.0.4 Access to Parks and Exercise Opportunities

Opportunities for Exercise: Access to Parks or Recreational Facilities, 2020-2024. The percent of residents with access to parks and exercise opportunities in Charlottesville and Albemarle County was 85% in 2024.

Figure 3.4: Opportunities for Exercise: Access to Parks or Recreational Facilities, 2020-2024. The percent of residents with access to parks and exercise opportunities in Charlottesville and Albemarle County was 85% in 2024.

4 Access to Knowledge: Education Profile

4.0.1 Degree Attainment

Educational Attainment in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. In 2023, for residents 25 years and older in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, 94% completed high school, 61% held a Bachelor's degree and 31% had a graduate degree.

Figure 4.1: Educational Attainment in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. In 2023, for residents 25 years and older in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, 94% completed high school, 61% held a Bachelor’s degree and 31% had a graduate degree.

Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity for the population 25 years and over, 2023. While 61% of residents overall have a bachelor's degree or higher, 26% of Black residents, 40% of Hispanic residents, and 66% of white residents have BA's or higher.

Figure 4.2: Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity for the population 25 years and over, 2023. While 61% of residents overall have a bachelor’s degree or higher, 26% of Black residents, 40% of Hispanic residents, and 66% of white residents have BA’s or higher.

4.0.2 School Enrollment

School Enrollment By Age Group in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. In 2023, 86% of 3 to 24 year olds in Charlottesville and Albemarle were enrolled in school. Most of those not enrolled in school are in the age groups of 3 to 4 year olds and 20 to 24 year olds.

Figure 4.3: School Enrollment By Age Group in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. In 2023, 86% of 3 to 24 year olds in Charlottesville and Albemarle were enrolled in school. Most of those not enrolled in school are in the age groups of 3 to 4 year olds and 20 to 24 year olds.

4.0.3 Child Care

Child Care Supply
Albemarle
Charlottesville
Combined
Centers Seats Centers Seats Centers Seats
Child Care Centers 27 2073 32 2757 59 4830
Preschools 24 339 28 597 52 936
Family Child Care Homes 11 108 16 136 27 244
School Age Only Programs 23 867 24 2827 47 3694
Total 85 3387 100 6317 185 9704
Data Source: Child Care Aware of Virginia

4.0.4 Civil Society

Civic Sector Membership Organizations, 2017-2024. In 2024 there were 225 membership organizations in Charlottesville and Albemarle.

Figure 4.4: Civic Sector Membership Organizations, 2017-2024. In 2024 there were 225 membership organizations in Charlottesville and Albemarle.

5 Decent Standard of Living: Economic Security and Housing Profile

5.0.1 Earnings and Income

Median Personal Earnings, 2012-2023. The median personal earnings in Charlottesville and Albemarle in 2023 was $48,000.

Figure 5.1: Median Personal Earnings, 2012-2023. The median personal earnings in Charlottesville and Albemarle in 2023 was $48,000.

Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 2023. Median annual income for all households in Charlottesville and Albemarle County is $93,100. For white households, this income is $102,100/year, and $48,200/year for Black households.

Figure 5.2: Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 2023. Median annual income for all households in Charlottesville and Albemarle County is $93,100. For white households, this income is $102,100/year, and $48,200/year for Black households.

5.0.2 Where People Live and Work

Trends in Work and Living Locations in Charlottesville and Albemarle for 2002, 2012, 2022.

Figure 5.3: Trends in Work and Living Locations in Charlottesville and Albemarle for 2002, 2012, 2022.

5.0.3 Housing: Renters and Owners

Housing Status, 2023. For households in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 59% are homeowners and 41% are renters.

Figure 5.4: Housing Status, 2023. For households in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 59% are homeowners and 41% are renters.

Rent Burdened Households, 2023. In Charlottesville and Albemarle County, 49% of renters are not burdened, 24% are rent burdened and 27% are severely burdened.

Figure 5.5: Rent Burdened Households, 2023. In Charlottesville and Albemarle County, 49% of renters are not burdened, 24% are rent burdened and 27% are severely burdened.

5.0.4 Evictions

Cases Filed and Eviction Judgments within Local Court Jurisdictions, 2018-2024. In 2024, the Albemarle County District Court saw 1,275 eviction cases, with 529 of those given eviction judgements. In the Charlottesville General District Court there were 441 eviction cases with 207 eviction judgements in 2024.

Figure 5.6: Cases Filed and Eviction Judgments within Local Court Jurisdictions, 2018-2024. In 2024, the Albemarle County District Court saw 1,275 eviction cases, with 529 of those given eviction judgements. In the Charlottesville General District Court there were 441 eviction cases with 207 eviction judgements in 2024.

5.0.5 People Experiencing Homelessness

Point-in-Time Count of People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC) including the City of Charlottesville and Counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, and Nelson, 2007-2024. In 2024, the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH) identified 125 people experiencing homelessness in the PIT count.

Figure 5.7: Point-in-Time Count of People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC) including the City of Charlottesville and Counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, and Nelson, 2007-2024. In 2024, the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH) identified 125 people experiencing homelessness in the PIT count.

McKinney-Vento: Students Experiencing Homelessness Enrolled in Charlottesville City Schools and Albemarle County Public Schools, 2010-11 through 2022-23 school years. In the 2022-23 school year, there were 281 students identified as experiencing homelessness.

Figure 5.8: McKinney-Vento: Students Experiencing Homelessness Enrolled in Charlottesville City Schools and Albemarle County Public Schools, 2010-11 through 2022-23 school years. In the 2022-23 school year, there were 281 students identified as experiencing homelessness.

5.0.6 Bed Capacity Among Organizations Serving Unhoused Residents

Housing Inventory Count: Year-Round, Seasonal Beds and Permanent Housing Available for People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC) including the City of Charlottesville and Counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, and Nelson, 2009-2024. In 2024, the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH) identified 80 year-round beds, 55 seasonal beds, and 211 permanent housing units in the annual Housing Inventory Count (HIC).

Figure 5.9: Housing Inventory Count: Year-Round, Seasonal Beds and Permanent Housing Available for People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC) including the City of Charlottesville and Counties of Albemarle, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, and Nelson, 2009-2024. In 2024, the Blue Ridge Area Coalition for the Homeless (BRACH) identified 80 year-round beds, 55 seasonal beds, and 211 permanent housing units in the annual Housing Inventory Count (HIC).

5.1 Appendix

5.1.1 Data Sources by Figure/Table

Figure Source
Demographic Profile
Figure 1.1: White and Non-White Population Composition, 1790-2020. U.S. Census Bureau. Race, U.S. Decennial Census 1790-2020. Prepared by Social Explorer.
Figure 1.2: Population Composition by Race & Ethnicity, 2013-2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Hispanic or Latino Origin by Race." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B03002, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B03002?q=B03002&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 1.3: Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Detailed Household Language by Household Limited English Speaking Status." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B16002, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B16002?q=B16002&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 1.4: Limited & Non-Limited English Speaking Households by Language, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Detailed Household Language by Household Limited English Speaking Status." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B16002, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B16002?q=B16002&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 1.5: Disability Status by Age Group, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Disability Status." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18101, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18101?q=B18101&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 1.6: Number of people identifying as having a particular disability, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Hearing Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18102, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18102?q=B18102&g=050XX00US51003,51540.; U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Vision Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18103, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18103?q=B18103&g=050XX00US51003,51540. ; U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Cognitive Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18104, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18104?q=B18104&g=050XX00US51003,51540.; U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Ambulatory Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18105, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18105?q=B18105&g=050XX00US51003,51540.; U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Self-Care Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18106, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18106?q=B18106&g=050XX00US51003,51540. ; U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Age by Independent Living Difficulty." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B18107, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B18107?q=B18107&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
AHDI
Table 1: American Human Developement Index: Local and State-wide Comparison Life Expectancy: "Virginia Data and Resources." County Health Rankings, www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/virginia/data-and-resources. Educational Attainment: U.S. Census Bureau. "Educational Attainment." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S1501?q=S1501&g=050XX00US51003,51540. School Enrollment: U.S. Census Bureau. "School Enrollment." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1401, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S1401?q=S1401&g=050XX00US51003,51540. Median Personal Earnings: U.S. Census Bureau. "Median Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) by Sex for the Population 16 Years and Over With Earnings in the Past 12 Months." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B20002, 2023, https://data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B20002?q=B20002&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Health Profile
Figure 3.1: Average Life Expectancy, 2019-2024. "Virginia Data and Resources." County Health Rankings, www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/virginia/data-and-resources
Figure 3.2: Primary care and mental health care providers, 2016-2024. "Virginia Data and Resources." County Health Rankings, www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/virginia/data-and-resources
Figure 3.3: Residents with No Health Insurance, 2017-2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Selected Characteristics of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S2701, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S2701?q=S2701&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 3.4: Access to Parks & Exercise Opportunities, 2020-2024. "Virginia Data and Resources." County Health Rankings, www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/virginia/data-and-resources
Education Profile
Figure 4.1: Educational Attainment in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Educational Attainment." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S1501?q=S1501&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 4.2: Educational Attainment by Race/Ethnicity for the population 25 years and over, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Educational Attainment." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S1501?q=S1501&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 4.3: School Enrollment By Age Group in Charlottesville and Albemarle, 2018-2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "School Enrollment." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1401, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSST5Y2023.S1401?q=S1401&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Table 2: Child Care Supply Child Care Supply Data by Locality, Child Care Aware of Virginia. https://vachildcare.com/data-2/child-care-supply-data-by-locality/
Figure 4.4: Civic Sector Membership Organizations, 2017-2024. "Virginia Data and Resources." County Health Rankings, www.countyhealthrankings.org/health-data/virginia/data-and-resources
Living Standards and Housing Profile
Figure 5.1: Median Personal Earnings, 2012-2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Sex by Earnings in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars) for the Population 16 Years and Over With Earnings in the Past 12 Months." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B20001, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B20001?q=B20001&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 5.2: Median Household Income by Race/Ethnicity, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Household Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars)." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B19001A-I, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B19001?q=B19001&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 5.3: Trends in Work and Living Locations in Charlottesville and Albemarle for 2002, 2012, 2022. "Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) Origin-Destination Employment Statistics (LODES)," U.S Census Bureau, 2002, 2012, 2022. lehd.ces.census.gov/data/
Figure 5.4: Housing Status, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Tenure." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B25003, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B25003?q=B25003&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 5.5: Rent Burdened Households, 2023. U.S. Census Bureau. "Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income in the Past 12 Months." American Community Survey, ACS 5-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B25070, 2023, data.census.gov/table/ACSDT5Y2023.B25070?q=B25070&g=050XX00US51003,51540.
Figure 5.6: Cases Filed and Eviction Judgments within Local Court Jurisdictions, 2018-2024. Data from Virginia's General District Courts was provided by the Civil Court Data Initiative at Legal Services Corporation.
Figure 5.7: Point-in-Time Count of People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC), 2007-2024. "2024 AHAR: PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the US; Annual Homelessness Assessment Report," HUD Office of Policy Development and Research. www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/ahar/2024-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us.html
Figure 5.8: McKinney-Vento: Students Experiencing Homelessness Enrolled in Charlottesville City Schools and Albemarle County Public Schools, 2010-11 through 2022-23 school years. "Program: McKinney-Vento Act," Data Express, U.S. Department of Education. eddataexpress.ed.gov/download/data-library?field_year_target_id=All&field_population_value=&field_data_topic_target_id=All&field_reporting_level_target_id=All&field_program_target_id=42&field_file_spec_target_id=All&field_data_group_id_target_id=All&combine=
Figure 5.9: Housing Inventory Count: Year-Round, Seasonal Beds and Permanent Housing Available for People Experiencing Homelessness in the Blue Ridge Area Continuum of Care (CoC), 2009-2024. "2024 AHAR: PIT Estimates of Homelessness in the US; Annual Homelessness Assessment Report," HUD Office of Policy Development and Research. www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/ahar/2024-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us.html